碳中和与经济社会发展实验室与自然资源保护协会日前联合举办新型能源体系背景下储能产业发展研究研讨会。来自中国科学院、中国电力企业联合会、国网能源研究院等机构的十余位专家围绕储能产业的技术演进、市场机制与政策路径展开深入研讨。与会专家一致认为：储能是破解新能源发展“卡脖子”问题的关键支撑，是推动能源绿色低碳转型、构建新型电力系统不可或缺的核心环节。

The Carbon Neutrality and Economic Development Laboratory and the Natural Resources Defense Council recently jointly held a research seminar on the development of the energy storage industry under the new energy system. More than ten experts from institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Electricity Council, and the State Grid Energy Research Institute engaged in in-depth discussions on the technological evolution, market mechanisms, and policy paths of the energy storage industry. The experts present at the meeting unanimously agreed that energy storage is a key support for resolving the "stumbling blocks" in the development of new energy, and is an indispensable core link in promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of energy and building a new power system.

新能源高速增长背后的“消纳之困”：储能为何成为必选项

The "consumption dilemma" behind the rapid growth of new energy: Why energy storage has become a must-have option

“从长期可持续发展的角度看，煤炭资源终究是有限的，风能、太阳能等可再生能源才是真正具备长期可持续性的能源形态。”中国环境与发展国际合作委员会中方首席顾问、国务院发展研究中心原副主任刘世锦在研讨会上开宗明义。

From a perspective of long-term sustainable development, coal resources are ultimately limited. Wind energy, solar energy and other renewable energy sources are the truly sustainable energy forms in the long run. This was stated by Liu Shijin, the chief Chinese advisor of the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development and the former deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, at the seminar.

数据印证了这一判断。“十四五”期间，中国风电、光伏装机保持年均30%—40%的高速增长，新能源发电量增速持续保持在20%以上。然而，高速扩张的另一面是日益突出的消纳难题。“预计2026年行业增速将阶段性放缓，但从中长期看，新能源仍将继续增长，不过目前市场尚未出现明显回暖迹象。”刘世锦指出，中国新能源发展正在从“规模扩张”逐步进入更加注重系统消纳和运行效率的新阶段。弃风弃光以及绿电消纳问题愈发凸显，背后反映的是电力系统在调节能力、负荷匹配以及新能源消纳方面仍存在明显短板。

The data confirm this judgment. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power maintained an average annual growth rate of 30% to 40%, and the growth rate of new energy power generation continued to exceed 20%. However, the other side of the rapid expansion is the increasingly prominent problem of power consumption. "It is expected that the industry growth rate will slow down temporarily in 2026, but in the long term, new energy will continue to grow. However, currently, there are no obvious signs of market recovery," Liu Shijin pointed out. China's new energy development is gradually entering a new stage that places greater emphasis on system power consumption and operational efficiency. The problems of wind and solar power abandonment and green electricity consumption have become increasingly prominent, reflecting that the power system still has significant shortcomings in its regulation capacity, load matching, and new energy consumption.

“未来低碳经济既要实现绿色转型，也要保持稳定快速增长，关键就在于提升电力系统灵活性，而储能正是破解新能源发展‘卡脖子’问题的重要支撑。”刘世锦的判断，在与会专家中引发广泛共鸣。

"Future low-carbon economies need to achieve a green transformation while maintaining stable and rapid growth. The key lies in enhancing the flexibility of the power system, and energy storage is an important support for resolving the 'blockade' issues in the development of new energy." Liu Shijin's judgment has elicited widespread agreement among the experts present.

自然资源保护协会北京代表处首席代表张洁清用一组数据佐证了储能的战略紧迫性：我国储能装机规模已位居全球首位，2025年我国新增储能装机占全球新增储能装机的近60%。“中国新能源发展已从重建设转向重消纳，提升绿电利用效率成为核心课题，储能是关键支撑。”她同时强调，行业整体仍处于商业模式探索期，建立稳定可复制的盈利机制，是储能规模化、市场化发展的核心。

Zhang Jieqing, the chief representative of the Beijing office of the Natural Resources Defense Council, used a set of data to demonstrate the urgency of the energy storage strategy: China's installed capacity of energy storage has ranked first globally, and by 2025, the new installed capacity of energy storage in China will account for nearly 60% of the new installed capacity worldwide. "China's new energy development has shifted from emphasizing construction to emphasizing consumption. Improving the efficiency of green electricity utilization has become the core issue, and energy storage is the key support." She also emphasized that the industry as a whole is still in the exploration stage of business models. Establishing a stable and replicable profit mechanism is the core for the large-scale and market-oriented development of energy storage.

技术迭代与市场重构：储能产业的多维突破

Technological Iteration and Market Reconfiguration: Multidimensional Breakthroughs in the Energy Storage Industry

研讨会上，技术创新与市场机制变革成为讨论的另一焦点。

At the seminar, technological innovation and changes in market mechanisms became another focus of the discussion.

中国科学院物理所研究员、松山湖材料实验室锂离子电池材料团队负责人黄学杰带来了一个新视角：人工智能数据中心(AIDC)产业的高速发展，正在成为储能需求的新增长极。“2024年至2030年，预计数据中心储能市场年复合增长率将超40%，成为储能行业增速最快的细分市场。”黄学杰指出，AIDC储能对可靠性、响应速度与安全性的要求极高，而目前主流锂离子电池采用液态电解液，长期静置充放电后易出现盐浓度差，导致容量跳水和安全风险加大。“推动电解液胶态化，是实现电池长寿命、高安全运行的关键。”

Professor Huang Xuejie from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the head of the lithium-ion battery materials team at the Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory presented a new perspective: The rapid development of the artificial intelligence data center (AIDC) industry is becoming a new growth driver for energy storage demand. "From 2024 to 2030, it is expected that the annual compound growth rate of the data center energy storage market will exceed 40%, becoming the fastest-growing sub-market in the energy storage industry," Huang Xuejie pointed out. AIDC energy storage has extremely high requirements for reliability, response speed and safety. Currently, the mainstream lithium-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes, and after long-term static charging and discharging, there is an easy salt concentration difference, resulting in a drop in capacity and an increase in safety risks. "Promoting the gelation of electrolytes is the key to achieving long-life and high-safety operation of batteries,"

在应用场景层面，北方工业大学二级教授、中国可再生能源学会储能专委会秘书长李建林以零碳园区为例，描绘了储能的系统化应用前景。“零碳园区并非简单的‘低能耗园区’或‘高绿化园区’，而是以净零排放目标为导向、以系统性能源替代和全生命周期管理为核心的现代化园区形态。”他介绍，零碳园区通过电—热—冷—气—氢综合能源互补、源网荷储协同等技术应用，构建以非化石能源为主导的主动式供能新格局。他预判，“十五五”时期零碳园区技术将从单一节能降碳措施，转向以绿电供给为基础、源网荷储氢协同为核心、能碳数字化管理为支撑的系统化零碳运营。

At the application level, Li Jianlin, a secondary professor at North China University of Technology and the secretary-general of the Energy Storage Committee of the Chinese Renewable Energy Society, used the example of a zero-carbon park to illustrate the prospects for the systematic application of energy storage. "A zero-carbon park is not merely a 'low-energy consumption park' or a 'high-vegetation park'; rather, it is a modern park form oriented towards a net-zero emission goal and centered on systematic energy substitution and full life-cycle management." He explained that zero-carbon parks achieve a new active energy supply pattern dominated by non-fossil energy through the application of technologies such as comprehensive energy complementation of electricity, heat, cold, gas, and hydrogen, as well as the coordination of sources, grids, loads, and storage. He predicted that in the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, zero-carbon park technologies will shift from single energy-saving and carbon reduction measures to a systematic zero-carbon operation based on green power supply, with the core being the coordination of sources, grids, loads, storage, and hydrogen, and supported by digital management of energy and carbon.

市场机制的变革同样引人注目。国网能源研究院新能源研究所储能研究室主任胡静表示，136号文推动了“新能源+储能”联合参与市场，新型储能规模增长正由“政策驱动”向“市场驱动”转变。“新能源侧储能收益模式转向‘新能源+储能参与市场收益’，独立储能从‘依赖租赁’转向‘容量+电量+服务’三元收益模式，用户侧储能由‘固定分时价差套利’转向‘市场化价差套利’。”胡静同时提醒，全面市场化新阶段下，市场价格波动性会给储能收益带来不确定性，但长期看，随着技术进步和成本下降，储能盈利能力将逐步增强。

The transformation of the market mechanism is also of great significance. Hu Jing, the director of the Energy Storage Research Department of the New Energy Institute of State Grid Energy Research Institute, stated that Document No. 136 has promoted the joint participation of "new energy + energy storage" in the market. The scale growth of new energy storage is shifting from "policy-driven" to "market-driven". "The revenue model of on-grid energy storage for new energy has shifted to 'revenue from new energy + energy storage participating in the market', independent energy storage has shifted from 'relying on leasing' to a 'three-element revenue model of capacity + electricity + services', and on-grid energy storage has shifted from 'fixed time difference arbitrage' to 'marketized time difference arbitrage'." Hu Jing also cautioned that in the new stage of full marketization, the volatility of market prices will bring uncertainty to the revenue of energy storage, but in the long term, with technological progress and cost reduction, the profitability of energy storage will gradually increase.

中国电力企业联合会首席专家姚强则从更宏观的系统重构视角提出了“广义储能”概念。“储能可以包括所有具有灵活调节能力的资源，不只是抽水蓄能、新型储能，还包括新能源的构网调节能力、需求侧资源响应能力等。”他指出，未来调控对象将从“万级规模”跃升至“亿级规模”，零碳园区、虚拟电厂等都是分布式“储能”体系的重要单元。

Yao Qiang, the chief expert of the China Electricity Council, proposed the concept of "generalized energy storage" from a more macro perspective of system reconfiguration. "Energy storage can encompass all resources with flexible regulation capabilities, not only pumped storage and new types of energy storage, but also the grid-connected regulation capabilities of new energy and the response capabilities of demand-side resources, etc." He pointed out that the future regulatory targets will increase from "million-scale" to "billion-scale", and zero-carbon parks and virtual power plants are all important units of the distributed "energy storage" system.

从“配而不用”到价值释放：储能规模化发展仍需破局

From "having but not using" to value realization: The large-scale development of energy storage still requires breakthroughs

尽管前景广阔，但储能产业当前面临的结构性矛盾不容回避。

Although the prospects are promising, the structural contradictions currently faced by the energy storage industry cannot be ignored.

中国碳中和五十人论坛特邀研究员谷雨直言行业痛点：“储能行业低价竞争源于风光强制配储、招标过于重视初装成本、地方招商诉求强烈等因素，导致行业在早期形成‘配而不建、建而不用’的现象，并加剧同质化低价竞争。”谷雨建议，应理性看待技术多元化趋势，锂电凭借成本、产业链与全球化优势仍是主流，而部分新型技术路线受能量密度、经济性及应用场景限制，暂无法普适替代，更多应交由科研体系探索。

Gu Yu, a special researcher of the China Carbon Neutrality Fifty People Forum, pointed out the industry's pain points directly: "The low-price competition in the energy storage industry stems from factors such as mandatory power generation with storage requirements, excessive emphasis on initial installation costs in bidding, and strong local investment demands. This has led to the phenomenon of 'installing but not using' in the early stage of the industry, and has exacerbated the homogenized and low-price competition." Gu Yu suggested that the trend of technological diversification should be viewed rationally. Lithium batteries, with their advantages in cost, industrial chain, and globalization, remain the mainstream. However, some new technological routes are limited by energy density, economic efficiency, and application scenarios, and cannot be universally substituted for the time being. More should be left to the exploration of the scientific research system.

华北电力大学电力工程系讲师王楚通则聚焦市场参与的现实堵点。“当前储能参与电力市场的路径已逐步清晰，但收益机制仍存在堵点。”他以现货市场为例指出，发用两侧经营主体未全面入市、价差未体现实际价值等问题依然突出。他建议，健全辅助服务市场化补偿，推动电能量与辅助服务市场联合出清、跨省跨区和省内交易衔接融合，提升系统及储能配置效率。

Wang Chutong, a lecturer in the Power Engineering Department of North China University of Electric Power, focuses on the practical bottlenecks in market participation. "The current path for energy storage to participate in the power market has gradually become clear, but there are still issues with the revenue mechanism." Taking the spot market as an example, he pointed out that problems such as the failure of both the generation and consumption entities to fully enter the market and the failure to reflect the actual value of the price difference remain prominent. He suggested improving the market-based compensation for auxiliary services, promoting the joint clearing of the electricity energy and auxiliary service markets, integrating cross-provincial, cross-regional and intra-provincial transactions, and enhancing the efficiency of system and energy storage configuration.

张洁清在总结发言中强调，储能的价值不应只停留在电力行业内部。“除助力新能源消纳、逐步降低对煤电的依赖以外，储能也是拉动经济、就业的新兴产业。”她呼吁，应让更多社会主体看到储能产业带来的社会经济综合效益，不仅需要在电力系统跑通盈利模式，还应从设备制造、电站投资及运营整个产业链出发，构建上下游联动的商业模式，形成市场内生动力。

In her concluding remarks, Zhang Jieqing emphasized that the value of energy storage should not be confined to the power industry alone. "Apart from facilitating the consumption of new energy and gradually reducing reliance on coal-fired power, energy storage is also an emerging industry that can drive economic growth and create jobs." She called for more social entities to recognize the comprehensive social and economic benefits brought by the energy storage industry. This requires not only the successful implementation of a profit model in the power system, but also the establishment of a business model that links the upstream and downstream industries, and creates an internal market-driven force.

正如姚强所言：“储能的价值释放，需要依托于清晰的系统边界与规则体系。未来电力体制改革需立足系统重构逻辑统筹储能发展，方能从根源上化解行业结构性矛盾。”储能产业的高质量发展，仍需政策、市场与技术的协同发力。

As Yao Qiang pointed out: "The realization of the value of energy storage depends on a clear system boundary and a rule system. In the future, the reform of the power system needs to base on the logic of system reconstruction to coordinate the development of energy storage, so as to fundamentally resolve the structural contradictions in the industry." The high-quality development of the energy storage industry still requires the collaborative efforts of policies, markets and technologies.