提起煤炭，很多人第一印象就是用来烧火发电的燃料。如今，煤炭已“变身”航空煤油，成功把火箭送上太空。从地下黑煤到航天燃料，煤炭是怎么一步步“脱胎换骨”，变成高精尖产品？

When it comes to coal, the first impression for many people is that it is a fuel used for heating and generating electricity. Nowadays, coal has "transformed" into aviation kerosene, successfully sending rockets into space. From black coal underground to aerospace fuel, how did coal gradually undergo a "metamorphosis" and become high-tech products?

成本更低火箭“烧煤”成现实

Cheaper Rockets Can Now Burn Coal

2026年6月1日16时40分，长征十二号乙运载火箭在东风商业航天创新试验区点火升空。

At 16:40 on June 1, 2026, the Long March 12B carrier rocket was ignited and launched from the Dongfeng Commercial Aerospace Innovation Test Area.

早在2023年，我国商业航天就已进入液体运载火箭时代，其燃料是煤基航天煤油，中国率先用煤炼出了航空煤油。火箭烧煤的段子变成了现实。

As early as 2023, China's commercial space industry had already entered the era of liquid launch vehicles, with its fuel being coal-based aerospace kerosene. China was the first to produce aviation kerosene from coal. The joke about rockets burning coal has become a reality.

在宁夏银川的化工厂里，有用煤提炼出的航空煤油，它的成本比石油中提取的航空煤油低30%至50%，纯净、密度、燃烧性能更优。

In a chemical plant in Yinchuan, Ningxia, aviation kerosene is produced from coal. Its cost is 30% to 50% lower than that of aviation kerosene extracted from petroleum. It is purer, has a higher density and better combustion performance.

富煤贫油少气的能源格局，决定了不能完全依赖石油。我国改变路径，让我国化石能源中储量排名第一、可开采储量达1432亿吨的煤炭，变身为各种化工原料，和石油化工一起形成化工原料双保险。

The energy pattern characterized by abundant coal resources, scarce oil reserves and limited gas supplies has determined that we cannot rely solely on oil. China has changed its approach, transforming the coal, which ranks first in terms of reserves and has an exploitable reserve of 1,432 billion tons in our country, into various chemical raw materials, and integrating them with petrochemicals to form a dual insurance system for chemical raw materials.

困境倒逼创新

The predicament forces innovation.

“神宁炉”横空出世

"The Shenning Furnace" has emerged unexpectedly.

进入厂区，最抓眼球的是“神宁炉”，堪称“超级加强版”高压锅。

Entering the factory area, the most eye-catching feature is the "Shen Ning Furnace", which can be described as a "super enhanced version" of a pressure cooker.

锅内压力相当于在40到60个大气压下煮东西，里面温度会飙升到1600多摄氏度。煤粉和水蒸气进入炉膛，瞬间就被撕裂、重组，变成合成气（一氧化碳和氢气）。提纯后的合成气进入费托合成装置，这里相当于第二口“智能高压锅”。在催化剂的作用下，煤炭的气体分子像搭积木一样拼成长链，按沸点“蒸馏”拆分。

The pressure inside the pot is equivalent to cooking at 40 to 60 atmospheres of pressure. The temperature inside will soar to over 1600 degrees Celsius. The coal powder and steam enter the furnace and are instantly torn apart and reorganized, transforming into synthetic gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). The purified synthetic gas then enters the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, which is like a second "intelligent pressure cooker". Under the action of the catalyst, the gas molecules of the coal form long chains like building blocks, and are "distilled" and separated according to their boiling points.

2012年，基地项目启动时，先是从国外引进了气化炉，但国外气化炉只能烧优质精煤，不仅成本高，而且浪费资源。

In 2012, when the base project was launched, gasifiers were first imported from abroad. However, these foreign gasifiers could only burn high-quality coking coal. Not only were the costs high, but they also wasted resources.

困境倒逼创新，300多名专家组成技术攻关组，烧坏了2000多个变压器，“神宁炉”横空出世。

The predicament forced innovation. Over 300 experts formed a technical research team, burned out 2,000 transformers, and the "Shen Ning Furnace" was born.

它把“挑食”的气化炉，改造成能“通吃”中国煤炭的“工业高压锅”，国产化率达98%以上。

It transformed the "selective" gasification furnace into an "industrial pressure cooker" capable of "consuming" all types of Chinese coal, with a domestic production rate of over 98%.

过去，我国化工厂主要靠石油当“粮食”来生产各种材料。现在，煤炭也支棱起来，成了石油的好帮手。

In the past, our chemical plants mainly relied on petroleum as their "food source" to produce various materials. Now, coal has also come into play and has become a good partner of petroleum.

从“燃料”到“原料”

From "fuel" to "raw material"

煤炭产业转型打开价值新空间

The transformation of the coal industry has opened up new value spaces.

中国煤化工从“把煤变油”到“化黑为白”，正在完成一场从燃料到原料、从跟跑到领跑的绿色革命。它正与石油化工一起撑起我国的化工大业，描绘出中国能源新版图。

China's coal chemical industry has evolved from "converting coal into oil" to "transforming black into white", completing a green revolution from fuel to raw material, and from trailing to leading. It is working together with petrochemicals to support China's chemical industry and shape a new energy map for the country.

煤炭产业的转型，正是我国能源革命的缩影。如今，煤炭可以转化为航空煤油、可降解塑料、高级润滑油等高附加值产品，产业链不断向高端延伸，打破了对石油化工的单一依赖，有力筑牢国家能源与产业安全屏障。

The transformation of the coal industry is precisely the epitome of China's energy revolution. Nowadays, coal can be converted into aviation kerosene, degradable plastics, high-grade lubricants and other high-value-added products. The industrial chain is continuously extending to the high-end level, breaking the single reliance on petrochemicals and effectively strengthening the national energy and industrial security barrier.